In this exhibition visitors can get acquainted with the relics of medical treatments through hundreds of years. The trephining knife on display, which dates back to the 10th century and was dug up in a grave in Rétközberencs, may have belonged to the Hungarian conquerors. Surgical trephinations of the skull, first of all, aimed at cleaning the wounds inflicted during the fights. The proportion of the survival of those who were trepaned was surprisingly high (50%) owing to the fact that the persons injured didn't suffer from any other special illnesses.

The first general practitioner of the public health service was Michael Heinnold, who was employed from 1741 on. Jósa István, who was the first chief medical officer in Tiszántúl (in Eastern Hungary), as this position is called today, worked in our county from the end of the 18th century. He was followed by reputed successors: Dávid Mádi Szabó, András Józsa (also well-known as a museum founder with a sense of vocation for archaeology) as well as two outstanding figures of another physician dynasty: the surgeon Sedebald Korányi and his son, Frigyes Korányi, who resided in Nagykálló and started a crusade against tuberculosis.

In the history of pharmaceutics, it is noteworthy that the county's first pharmacy, which was called "The Golden Eagle", and which was the third one in our country, was opened in Nyíregyháza in 1648. In the region of nyíri Mezőség, Lukács Ferenc and Hörömpő Imre laid the foundations of pharmaceutics by launching the first pharmacies in Büdszentmihály and Tiszalök.

In Büdszentmihály, the most remarkable persons in the history of pharmaceutics were János Kabay, the founder of Alkaloida Chemical Works, and his wife, Ilona Kelp. The success of the factory, which was founded in 1927, was owing to the manufacturing process elaborated by János Kabay which allowed extracting morphine from green poppy-heads. In the exhibition, besides the deed of foundation of the factory, the patent is also on display. The factory owner's holographic yearly notes of a few pages can be easily compared to the administrative work of later years, in the exhibition.