The ethnic composition of population that has shaped the culture in Baranya County began taking shape during the Ottoman invasion. There is data of Croatians arriving in the 13-14th century, then the Serbs in the 15th century. In Ottoman Hungary, people from the Balkan speaking Slav languages arrived spontaneously. Catholic Croatians fleeing from the Turks, Sokcies and Bosnians also arrived around those times.

The first deliberate settlement policy in Hungary took place at the end of the 17th century when the Patriarch Carnojevic led a great number of Serbs to Hungary to settle. The first settlers from Germany also arrived at the end of the 17th century in several waves in the region of Schwabische Türkei. Gypsies first came to Hungary in the 1300s. Gypsy tinkers, wooden shell carvers, wooden tool makers joined the country's traditional peasant labour division. We distinguish ten ethnic groups living in Baranya County based on customs, religion, language, marital relations and identity.

Our ethnic collection focusing on archaic features have a great variation of Items. There are divisions for a Hungarian, Croatian, Serb, German and Roma ethnography collections. The showing "Folk Art in Baranya" awarded with silver medal in 1996 invites the visitors demonstrating this colourfulness. Sets of furniture in the collections show a great variation of ornaments and methods of manufacturing. Carvings by shepherds reflect on an extinct lifestyle, as shepherds had a lot of free time, spent a lot of time in nature. This showed in their rites and daily living.

A great selection of textiles, carpets, embroidery or cloths is to show this variegation of ethnicity in Baranya County. The methods of making do not only represent traditions of people, the era of making or an ethnic group but also villages. The room with folk ceramics demonstrate archaic methods of production and usage, but also characteristic forms and ornaments of various potteries. Folk-like ceramics from the Zsolnay Factory are side by side with original folk ceramics so the visitors can compare them.

The reconstructed house interior from the Ormánság is shown in the upstairs exhibition rooms. The old piling house made of wooden structure had doors opening to the backyard.

The kitchen was heated with an oven. The housewife cooked on the ember in front of the oven. The smoke left the house through the open door. A copper cauldron called "bogrács" hung over the fire. The ember was pulled out with a "kurugla". The pottery cooking pot was positioned on a three-legged stand. The so-called "tüzikutya", the translation is fire dog, had gaps for the skewer on which bread, bacon or meat was skewed. The most important tools used in the kitchen were hung around the walls, such were the cooking pot, colander, water jugs, pottery jug to age vinegar, saltcellar etc.

The flower and bird ornamented tile covered oven was made by the village potters. Cloths were hung over the oven on a rod. Small children slept on a bench in the corner behind the oven.

The wooden painted bed with bedclothes piled high up was situated in the other corner. Babies slept in shells placed on bench with turnable handles. The "szökröny", a small chest for cloths was at the end of the bed.

The table with a corner bench and carved chairs was positioned across the bed. Some ornamented plates hung on the walls over the table.

The Bible and a few indispensable things like soap, calendar etc. were kept on the balk.

Tools, various articles for use, agricultural equipment, chests, pottery and pieces of the loom were all stored in the chamber.